A2 · PRESENT PERFECT
Present Perfect — Basics
Geçmişte olmuş ama ne zaman olduğu önemli olmayan olaylar ve hayat deneyimleri için Present Perfect kullanırız. Yapı: have / has + fiilin 3. hâli (past participle).
| Özne | Olumlu | Olumsuz | Soru |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | I have visited Rome. | I haven't visited Rome. | Have you visited Rome? |
| He / She / It | She has visited Rome. | She hasn't visited Rome. | Has she visited Rome? |
- Düzenli fiiller -ed alır: visit → visited, play → played.
- Düzensiz fiillerin 3. hâli ezberlenir: see → seen, eat → eaten, meet → met, be → been (I have been to London = Londra’da bulundum).
Deneyim anlatırken: ever = hiç (soruda), never = hiç ... -medim (olumsuz anlam).
- Have you ever eaten sushi? — Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
- I have never seen snow. (never ile ayrıca not kullanılmaz)
Kısa biçim yaygındır: I've, you've, she's (she's = she has). Dikkat: yesterday, last year gibi belirli bir geçmiş zaman varsa Past Simple kullanılır: I saw him yesterday.
Örnekler
-
I have seen this film before.
Bu filmi daha önce gördüm.
have + seen (düzensiz 3. hâl) -
She hasn't finished her lunch.
Öğle yemeğini bitirmedi.
hasn't + finished (olumsuz) -
Have you ever played tennis? — No, I haven't.
Hiç tenis oynadın mı? — Hayır, oynamadım.
deneyim sorusu: Have + özne + ever + 3. hâl
Mini alıştırma
Mikro döngü · 6 soru · Boşluk doldur
-
Ali (boşluk) his bike, so he is walking to school today.
- have broken
- is broken
- has broken
- has broke
-
I have never (boşluk) snow in my life.
- seen
- see
- saw
- seeing
-
(boşluk) you ever been to Antalya?
- Did
- Are
- Has
- Have
-
My sister (boşluk) this book, so please don't tell her the ending.
- haven't read
- hasn't read
- doesn't read
- hasn't reading
-
Have you ever eaten Indian food? — Yes, I (boşluk).
- has
- am
- have
- do
-
I (boşluk) that film last week, and I loved it.
- have seen
- saw
- has seen
- have saw
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