B1 · PRESENT PERFECT
Present Perfect — Negative (Review & Beyond)
Hızlı tekrar: haven't / hasn't + fiilin 3. hâli → I haven't seen him, she hasn't called.
Temel biçimler: Present Perfect — Basics (A2).
Bu konuda: bitmemiş / bitmiş zaman ayrımı, still haven't ve Türkçedeki çift olumsuzluk tuzağı. (yet için: just / already / yet (B1).)
1. Bitmemiş zaman mı, bitmiş zaman mı?
| Bitmemiş (hâlâ içindeyiz) → Present Perfect | Bitmiş → Past Simple |
|---|---|
| I haven't seen him today. | I didn't see him yesterday. |
| She hasn't called this week. | She didn't call last week. |
| We haven't had any rain so far. | We didn't have any rain in May. |
this morning duruma göre değişir: saat hâlâ sabahsa I haven't had coffee this morning; öğleden sonra konuşuyorsan I didn't have coffee this morning.
2. Hâlâ beklenen sonuç: still haven't
Beklenen bir şey hâlâ olmadıysa present perfect kullanılır; still yardımcı fiilden önce gelir:
- The package still hasn't arrived. (Hâlâ gelmedi, bekliyoruz.)
- I still haven't finished my report. (❌ I haven't still finished.)
3. Tek olumsuz yeter
Türkçede Kimse aramadı, Hiçbir şey yemedim cümlelerinde iki olumsuz öğe vardır. İngilizcede cümlede tek olumsuz olur:
- Nobody has called. (❌ Nobody hasn't called.)
- I haven't eaten anything. (❌ I haven't eaten nothing.)
Örnekler
-
I haven't seen Emre today. Is he ill?
Bugün Emre’yi görmedim. Hasta mı?
today bitmedi → present perfect -
The package still hasn't arrived.
Paket hâlâ gelmedi.
still + hasn't: sonuç hâlâ bekleniyor -
Nobody has called me this week.
Bu hafta beni kimse aramadı.
tek olumsuz: nobody + has
Mini alıştırma
Mikro döngü · 6 soru · Boşluk doldur
-
So far this week, we (boşluk) any rain at all.
- didn't have
- haven't had
- hasn't had
- haven't have
-
I (boşluk) Emre yesterday, so I don't know his news.
- didn't see
- haven't seen
- didn't saw
- hasn't seen
-
I ordered a new phone two weeks ago, and it (boşluk) arrived.
- hasn't still
- still haven't
- still hasn't
-
I'm worried. Nobody (boşluk) the phone all morning.
- hasn't answered
- haven't answered
- has answered
-
I'm really hungry. I haven't eaten (boşluk) since breakfast.
- nothing
- anything
- something
- none
-
It's 4 p.m. now. I (boşluk) much work this morning because I had a headache.
- haven't done
- hasn't done
- didn't did
- didn't do
Cevapları kontrol etmek için JavaScript’in açık olması gerekir.