C1 · DISCOURSE MARKERS
Discourse Markers — Organising
Söylemi düzenleyen bağlayıcılar, bir metnin ya da konuşmanın parçalarını sıralar, özetler ve konu geçişlerini işaretler. C1 düzeyinde bunları doğru yerde ve doğru tonda kullanmak beklenir.
| İşlev | Belirteç |
|---|---|
| Sıralama | firstly, secondly, then, finally |
| Konu açma/geçiş | as for, as far as ... is concerned, regarding |
| Özetleme | in short, to sum up, all in all |
| Yeniden ifade | in other words, that is to say |
Bu belirteçler genellikle cümle başında yer alır ve virgülle ayrılır: As for the budget, we will discuss it later.
Örnekler
-
As for the funding, no final decision has been made yet.
Finansmana gelince, henüz nihai bir karar verilmedi.
as for = konu açma / geçiş -
In short, the project succeeded despite the delays.
Kısacası, gecikmelere rağmen proje başarılı oldu.
in short = özetleme -
The results were inconclusive; in other words, we need more data.
Sonuçlar belirsizdi; başka bir deyişle, daha fazla veriye ihtiyacımız var.
in other words = yeniden ifade
Mini alıştırma
Mikro döngü · 6 soru · Boşluk doldur
-
The venue is perfect; (boşluk) the catering, we are still waiting for three more quotes.
- as for
- in short
- in other words
- finally
-
The hotel was noisy, the staff were rude and the food was cold; (boşluk), it was a disappointing stay.
- as for
- regarding
- all in all
- firstly
-
The policy will be phased out gradually; (boşluk), nothing will change for current members this year.
- as for
- regarding
- firstly
- in other words
-
There were two reasons for the delay: (boşluk), the supplier sent the wrong parts, and secondly, two engineers were ill.
- firstly
- finally
- in short
- as for
-
(boşluk) the new parking rules are concerned, most residents seem to support them.
- As for
- As far as
- Regarding
- In short
-
We've covered costs, staffing and marketing; (boşluk), I'd like to thank everyone for their hard work.
- as for
- in other words
- finally
- regarding
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