C2 · MODALITY
Nuances of Modality
C2’de kip seçimi, bir olayı ne kadar kesin, kibar ya da temkinli sunduğunu ince ince ayarlar.
| Güç | Çıkarım | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Güçlü | must / can't | She must have overslept. |
| Orta | should / ought to | It should be ready by now. |
| Zayıf | may / might / could | He might have misunderstood. |
- will / would tipik davranış ve tahmin için: That'll be the postman. She would always arrive late.
- Aynı fikir farklı tonlarda kurulabilir: You must (zorunluluk) / You may want to (kibar öneri) / You might consider (çok yumuşak).
- need not have ve could have gibi tamamlanmış kipler geçmişe dair değerlendirme yansıtır.
Önemli olan gramer değil, konuşmacının taahhüt ve tutum derecesidir.
Örnekler
-
There's no reply — they must have already left.
Cevap yok — çoktan çıkmış olmalılar.
must have + p.p. = güçlü, mantıklı çıkarım -
You might want to reconsider before you commit.
Kendini bağlamadan önce bir daha düşünmek isteyebilirsin.
'might want to' = son derece yumuşatılmış öneri -
She would spend hours just staring at the sea.
Saatlerce sadece denize bakardı.
'would' = geçmişteki tipik, tekrarlı davranış
Mini alıştırma
Mikro döngü · 6 soru · Boşluk doldur
-
The lights are off and the car has gone, so they (boşluk) gone out for the evening.
- can't have
- must have
- need have
- would
-
She (boşluk) have seen the email; she was on a flight with no internet access all day.
- must
- should
- can't
- would
-
Someone's knocking at the door — that (boşluk) be the courier with my parcel.
- will
- must to
- need
- ought
-
When we were children, our grandmother (boşluk) tell us stories every night before bed.
- will
- must
- should
- would
-
You (boşluk) want to double-check the figures before sending the report to the director.
- need
- might
- ought
- shall
-
The package was sent on Monday, so it (boşluk) arrive by Thursday at the latest.
- must have
- can't
- should
- would have
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