C1 · MODALS
Formal & Special Modal Uses
Resmî ve özel modal kullanımları ince anlamlar taşır.
- shall (resmî kural/söz): Tenants shall not sublet the property.
- be to (resmî plan/talimat): You are to report by 9 a.m.
- needn't have + p.p. (gereksiz yapılan eylem): You needn't have cooked; we ate out. (yaptın ama gereksizdi)
- didn't need to (gerek yoktu — belki yapmadın): I didn't need to rush.
needn't have done ile didn't need to do farkı önemlidir: birincide eylem yapıldı, ikincide belki hiç yapılmadı.
Örnekler
-
You needn't have brought a gift, but thank you.
Hediye getirmene gerek yoktu ama teşekkürler.
needn't have = getirdin, gereksizdi -
All staff are to attend the safety briefing.
Tüm personelin güvenlik bilgilendirme toplantısına katılması gerekmektedir.
be to = resmî talimat -
Visitors shall observe the museum's rules at all times.
Ziyaretçiler müzenin kurallarına her zaman uyacaktır.
shall = resmî yönetmelik
Mini alıştırma
Mikro döngü · 6 soru · Boşluk doldur
-
Thank you for picking me up, but you (boşluk); I could easily have taken a taxi.
- needn't have bothered
- mustn't have bothered
- shouldn't bother
- needn't bother
-
The meeting was cancelled, so I (boşluk) early, and I stayed in bed until nine.
- needn't have got up
- didn't need to get up
- mustn't get up
- shan't get up
-
Candidates (boşluk) remain seated until all the exam papers have been collected.
- would
- are going
- are to
- have
-
The tenant (boşluk) not keep pets in the flat without the owner's written consent.
- is to be
- will to
- needs
- shall
-
According to the official schedule, the new hospital (boşluk) be opened by the mayor next Monday.
- is to
- shall to
- needs
- is being
-
We (boşluk) taken so much food to the picnic; half of it came back untouched.
- didn't need to
- needn't have
- mustn't have
- shan't have
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