B2 · MODALS
Modals of Deduction (Past)
Geçmiş hakkında kanıta dayalı çıkarım yaparken modal + have + past participle kullanırız.
| Modal | Anlam |
|---|---|
| must have + p.p. | eminiz (olumlu) |
| can't / couldn't have + p.p. | eminiz (olumsuz) |
| might / may / could have + p.p. | olasılık |
- The ground is wet. It must have rained.
- He can't have finished already — it's too soon.
- She's late; she might have missed the bus.
Örnekler
-
The lights are off; they must have gone to bed.
Işıklar kapalı; yatmış olmalılar.
must have + p.p. (kesin çıkarım) -
He can't have seen us in the dark.
Karanlıkta bizi görmüş olamaz.
can't have + p.p. (imkânsız) -
She might have forgotten the meeting.
Toplantıyı unutmuş olabilir.
might have + p.p. (olasılık)
Mini alıştırma
Mikro döngü · 6 soru · Boşluk doldur
-
The streets are completely white this morning; it (boşluk) heavily during the night.
- must snow
- must have snowed
- can't have snowed
- should snow
-
You (boşluk) my brother at the party; he was in Ankara all weekend.
- must have seen
- might have seen
- can't have seen
- can't see
-
I'm not sure where my keys are; I (boşluk) them at the office.
- might have left
- must leave
- can't have left
- might leave
-
She (boşluk) the whole book in one hour; it has over 600 pages and she reads slowly.
- must have read
- might have read
- can't has read
- couldn't have read
-
The kitchen smells wonderful — someone (boşluk) a cake.
- must bake
- must have baked
- can't have baked
- must baked
-
The parcel hasn't arrived yet; the courier (boşluk) the wrong address, but I'm not sure.
- could have used
- could use
- must have used
- can't have used
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