C1 · PARTICIPLE CLAUSES
Past Participle Clauses
-ed / 3. hâl ile başlayan öbek edilgen (passive) anlam taşır. Bir edilgen ilgi cümleciğini ya da neden/koşul cümlesini kısaltır.
- İlgi cümleciği: The report written last year is outdated. (= which was written)
- Neden/koşul: Shocked by the news, she froze. (= Because she was shocked)
- Zaman: Seen from above, the city looks tiny.
Eylem özneye 'yapılmış' bir eylemse -ed öbeği kullanılır; özne eylemi 'yapıyorsa' -ing kullanılır.
Örnekler
-
Built in the 12th century, the castle still stands.
12. yüzyılda inşa edilen kale hâlâ ayakta.
Built = which was built (edilgen) -
Faced with strong criticism, the minister resigned.
Güçlü eleştirilerle karşılaşınca bakan istifa etti.
Faced with = Because he was faced with -
The documents signed yesterday are now valid.
Dün imzalanan belgeler artık geçerli.
signed = which were signed
Mini alıştırma
Mikro döngü · 6 soru · Boşluk doldur
-
(boşluk) in simple language, the guide is easy for beginners to follow.
- Writing
- Written
- Having written
- Wrote
-
Most of the paintings (boşluk) in the exhibition were donated by local families.
- displaying
- were displayed
- displayed
- display
-
(boşluk) by the unexpected question, the speaker paused for a moment.
- Surprised
- Surprising
- Surprise
- To surprise
-
(boşluk) carefully, these plants can survive even the harshest winter.
- Protecting
- Protect
- Being protect
- Protected
-
The new bridge, (boşluk) by a team of young engineers, has already won two awards.
- designing
- designed
- was designed
- design
-
(boşluk) to leave the building immediately, the staff gathered in the car park.
- Told
- Telling
- Tell
- Having told
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