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  4. Participle Clauses (Advanced)
  5. Perfect Participle Clauses

C1 · PARTICIPLE CLAUSES

Perfect Participle Clauses

C1 İngilizce gramer · Participle Clauses (Advanced)

Having + past participle yapısı, bir eylemin diğerinden önce tamamlandığını vurgular. Zaman sırasını netleştirmek için kullanılır.

  • Having finished the report, she went home. (Önce bitirdi, sonra gitti.)
  • Having been warned, they took no risks. (edilgen: Having been + p.p.)

İki eylem arasında belirgin bir öncelik varsa basit -ing yerine having + p.p. tercih edilir. Öznenin ortak olması gerekir.

  • Having lived abroad for years, she spoke three languages fluently.

    Yıllarca yurt dışında yaşadığı için üç dili akıcı konuşuyordu.

    Having lived = önce olan, neden bildiren
  • Having been rejected twice, he almost gave up.

    İki kez reddedildikten sonra az kalsın pes edecekti.

    Having been + p.p. (edilgen öncelik)
  • Having read the contract, they signed it without hesitation.

    Sözleşmeyi okuduktan sonra tereddütsüz imzaladılar.

    önce okuma, sonra imzalama

Mikro döngü · 6 soru · Boşluk doldur

  1. (boşluk) the entire budget in the first month, the team had nothing left for marketing.

    • Having spending
    • Having spent
    • Spent
    • Having been spent
  2. (boşluk) by three different doctors, she was finally given the correct diagnosis.

    • Having examined
    • Examining
    • Having been examined
    • Being examining
  3. (boşluk) the instructions twice, he still couldn't assemble the bookshelf.

    • Having read
    • Having been read
    • Read
    • Having reading
  4. (boşluk) the city for over a decade, I barely recognised my old neighbourhood.

    • Not visited
    • Having not visit
    • Having been not visited
    • Not having visited
  5. (boşluk) her speech, the director invited questions from the audience.

    • Having delivered
    • Delivered
    • Having been delivered
  6. (boşluk) in the wrong folder, the contract could not be found for weeks.

    • Having filed
    • Having been filed
    • Filing
    • Being filing

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