C2 · PERFECT ASPECT
Perfect Aspect — Nuance
C2 düzeyinde perfect görünüşü sadece "geçmiş" değil, bir noktaya kadarki birikim, sonuç ve güncellik duygusu taşır.
- Present perfect güncel bağ kurar: Prices have risen sharply (etkisi şimdi hissediliyor).
- Past perfect, geçmişteki iki olayın sırasını netleştirir ama ince kullanımda beklenti/gerçekleşmeme de anlatır: I had hoped to finish (ama bitmedi).
- İnce fark: It's the first time I've seen this kalıbında present perfect zorunludur; "first/only/best" + present perfect birlikte gider (ana cümle It was ... ise past perfect gelir).
- Future perfect, gelecekte bir andan geriye bakar: By June we'll have been here ten years.
Etki (güncellik), sıra ve gerçekleşmeyen beklenti — üçünü seçtiğin biçimle imlersin.
Örnekler
-
By the time you read this, I'll have left.
Sen bunu okuduğunda ben çoktan gitmiş olacağım.
future perfect — gelecekten geriye bakış -
I had hoped you'd call, but never mind.
Aramanı ummuştum ama boş ver.
past perfect — gerçekleşmeyen beklenti -
It's the best meal I've had in years.
Yıllardır yediğim en güzel yemek bu.
best + present perfect (tipik kullanım)
Mini alıştırma
Mikro döngü · 6 soru · Boşluk doldur
-
This is the third time this month that the neighbours (boşluk) the fire alarm by burning toast.
- triggered
- have triggered
- had triggered
- are triggering
-
We (boşluk) to reach the coast by noon, but the ferry was cancelled and we spent the whole day in port.
- have hoped
- hope
- will have hoped
- had hoped
-
By the time the new wing opens next spring, the museum (boşluk) closed for almost three years.
- has been
- had been
- will have been
- will be
-
Rents (boşluk) by nearly a third since the harbour reopened, and many locals are feeling the pinch.
- have risen
- rose
- had risen
- were rising
-
I (boşluk) that the exam would be easier, so the final question came as a real shock.
- assume
- had assumed
- have assumed
- will have assumed
-
When we met again last year, I noticed that he (boşluk) a great deal since our student days.
- has changed
- changed
- will have changed
- had changed
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